私はさやかを結婚します。 (Incorrect) I will marry Sayaka.
私はさやかと結婚します。 (Correct) I will marry Sayaka.
English
speakers tend to misuse the object-indicating particle を like
this. When Taro marries Hanako, Hanako
marries Taro. This is a mutual action. When the subject and the object are
equivalent with the action stated by a verb, you must use the particle と.
私はさやかと会います。 (Correct) I will meet Sayaka.
私はさやかと話をします。 (Correct) I will talk with Sayaka.
In
Japanese, we distinguish direct objects and indirect objects. The direct object
is a thing which is directly handled, used, influenced, or applied by the
subject, and the indirect object is a thing which is indirectly handled, used, influenced,
or applied by the subject. We use を for the direct object and に for the
indirect object.
私は山田さんに本をあげました。 I gave a book to Yamada-san.
私はさやかを感謝しています。 (Incorrect) I thank Sayaka.
私はさやかを感謝しています。 (Incorrect) I thank Sayaka.
私はさやかに感謝しています。 (Correct) I am thankful to Sayaka.
私は辞書に参照する。 (Incorrect) I refer to the dictionary.
私は辞書に参照する。 (Incorrect) I refer to the dictionary.
私は辞書を参照する。 (Correct) I refer to the dictionary.
In the
latter case, 参照する is close to 見る from a Japanese viewpoint. Therefore
“dictionary” is regarded as the direct object for 参照する.
Appendix
鳥は空を飛ぶ。 Birds fly in the sky. (Birds traverse the sky.)
くじらは海を泳ぐ。 Whales
swim in the sea.
車は道路を走る。 Cars run on the road.
The
particle を is used in the above way. I cannot explain this usage properly but it
might mean that the area such as the sky, the sea, and the road is affected by
birds, whales, and cars with their movement.
Japanese Version
http://meadowlake001.blogspot.jp/2015/01/i-will-marry-sayakajapanese-version.html
Tips on Japanese (Web site)
http://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~meadowlake/
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